Last Updated on July 22, 2024
Emotional Abuse and PTSD
Emotional Abuse and PTSD are closely linked, with emotional abuse often leading to the development of PTSD. The National Institute of Mental Health defines PTSD as a disorder that develops after an individual experiences a shocking, frightening, or dangerous event. Although it is natural to feel fear in many situations, the sensation may persist for some people even after the traumatic event has passed. If these symptoms continue over a longer period, then the individual may be diagnosed with PTSD.
However, physical threats are not the only factor that may induce PTSD. Emotional abuse, which may involve manipulation, isolation, or verbal abuse, can also be a traumatic trigger for PTSD. Although this form of abuse is less visible, it is equally capable of leaving a long-lasting psychological impact on individuals.
In this article, we will discuss the correlation between PTSD and emotional abuse and how it leads to PTSD, observe the prevalence of emotional abuse, and suggest strategies that may help combat PTSD. By exploring the connections between emotional abuse and PTSD, we can identify proactive measures that may alleviate its long-lasting impact.
Prevalence of Emotional Abuse
Emotional abuse in children remains a significant concern, with research showing that a substantial number of children in the UK experience this form of harm from parents or caregivers, often leading to involvement in child protection systems.
Statistics published by NSPCC Learning indicate that between the research that was conducted among 2,275 children in the UK, 1 in 15 experienced emotional abuse by a parent or caregiver. Emotional abuse is also often featured in child protection with over one-third of children under a protection plan or register affected by it. In 2022/23, there were over 61,000 police-recorded offenses related to emotional abuse in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
Emotional abuse may also occur in romantic relationships. Findings published in 2012 highlight that about 80% of individuals might experience emotional abuse in romantic relationships. 40% of women and 32% of men faced expressive aggression like verbal abuse, and 41% of women and 43% of men experienced manipulation. These concerning findings show that emotional abuse and controlling behaviors are widespread in many relationships, emphasizing the need for strategies that can mitigate the detrimental effects on individuals’ well-being.
The link between PTSD and Emotional Abuse
According to an article from 2006, emotional abuse is more strongly linked to the severity of PTSD than physical abuse, physical neglect, or emotional neglect. The article states that emotional abuse is linked to all PTSD symptom clusters (re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance, numbing, and arousal).
Many articles, such as an article published in 2021 claim that emotional abuse, especially emotional abuse during childhood, plays a significant role in the development of PTSD. The article states that emotional abuse in childhood is often a risk factor for severe PTSD symptoms later in life. However, the article also emphasizes that urgent intervention and further research are required, as emotional abuse is often an overlooked risk factor for PTSD.
There are various reasons for such a strong correlation between emotional abuse and PTSD. According to Charlie Health, some of the significant reasons might be the chronic nature of the abuse and the emotional impact. The chronic nature refers to the fact that emotional abuse only rarely occurs once, it mostly repeats over a prolonged period. Moreover, it also directly targets one’s emotions, causing distress, affecting the sense of self, and losing trust in the people who should be closest to us.
Strategies for Overcoming PTSD
Therapeutic Approaches – Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
The American Psychological Association describes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as a psychological treatment that is employed for issues such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, marital problems, eating disorders, and severe mental illness.
The main goal of CBT is to change thinking patterns by utilizing strategies such as:
- Recognizing and reevaluating distorted thinking
- Understanding others’ behavior and motivations
- Employing problem-solving skills for tough situations
- Building confidence in personal abilities
Another aim of CBT is to change behavioral patterns by:
- Confronting fears instead of avoiding them
- Using role-play for problematic interactions
- Learning to relax the mind and body
A lot of research that has been conducted points out CBT as an effective method for the treatment of PTSD. A paper from 2003, for example, describes CBT as a safe and effective method for treating various types of traumas. The paper stresses that CBT treatment can be tailored to fit specific symptoms, thus maximizing the chances of recovery.
CBT may also be effective as a long-term treatment. A study from 2018 examined symptom improvement one year after the treatment. Results show that CBT is effective in reducing PTSD symptoms immediately after treatment and this improvement was maintained at one-year follow-up. Although it is not possible to draw definite conclusions, as more long-term studies should be conducted, CBT is indicated to be a promising form of long-term treatment.
Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques
Mindfulness
Mindfulness is being fully present and engaged at the moment, aware of one’s thoughts and feelings without judgment. It involves focusing on the breath or bodily sensations to completely ground oneself in the present. This technique can reduce stress, enhance emotional regulation, promote relaxation, and improve overall mental health by breaking negative thought patterns.
A study published in the Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience highlights how mindfulness treatments target emotional regulation by promoting non-judgmental acceptance and attention control, which can change the emotional responses associated with PTSD. Interestingly, the article also suggests that mindfulness activates brain areas associated with PTSD and restores their functionality by improving emotional regulation. Mindfulness can thus be an efficient treatment method for PTSD.
Relaxation Techniques
Relaxation techniques can play an essential role in the treatment of PTSD. Methods such as deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and guided imagery help reduce the physiological symptoms of stress and anxiety associated with trauma.
Similarly to mindfulness, these practices create a sense of calm and control, enabling individuals to better manage intrusive thoughts and emotional disturbances. Engaging with these techniques daily can decrease overall stress levels and help individuals stay grounded.
The Role of a Support System
A support system, such as family, friends, and professionals is essential in creating a safe space for recovery. It provides emotional encouragement, practical help, and a compassionate space to share feelings without judgment. Since individuals may often feel isolated, it also serves as a reminder that they are not alone on their journey.
Joining a support group where members share similar experiences can be incredibly comforting. These groups offer understanding and solidarity, providing an understanding environment where individuals can exchange personal stories and coping strategies. Furthermore, connecting with others who have faced similar challenges creates a sense of community, making the recovery process feel less isolating.
Healthy Lifestyle Choices
A healthy lifestyle can significantly contribute to healing from PTSD. Engaging in regular physical activity helps reduce stress hormones and stimulates the production of endorphins, enhancing mood and overall well-being. A healthy, nutrient-rich diet supports brain health and energy levels, critical for managing PTSD symptoms. Prioritizing sleep is also essential, as adequate rest helps regulate emotions and improve cognitive function. Additionally, avoiding substances like alcohol and drugs is crucial, as these can exacerbate PTSD symptoms and hinder the healing process.
Educating about PSTD
Understanding the nature of trauma and its effects promotes self-awareness, creating a sense of recognition and validation of own experiences. Access to books, websites, and workshops about emotional abuse and PTSD can equip individuals with knowledge about coping mechanisms and recovery strategies. This is also effective in identifying triggers and learning how to manage them effectively. This may also encourage proactive steps, with individuals feeling more motivated to engage in therapy.
Conclusion
Emotional abuse, which is sometimes regarded as a more hidden form of abuse, significantly contributes to the development of PTSD, impacting both children and adults across various relationships. As many statistics point out, the prevalence of emotional abuse is very high, necessitating urgent and effective intervention.
Many treatment methods, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness, have shown promising results, potentially even providing effective long-term healing methods. Relaxation techniques help individuals manage stress by staying grounded in the present moment and regulating emotions.
A robust support system and healthy life choices are paramount as well since they provide a source of emotional and physical resilience. Lastly, it is important to consider educational resources as well since they provide the knowledge and tools to navigate one’s healing process.
While PTSD from emotional abuse is a severe condition, and acknowledging the seriousness of potential long-lasting damage is essential, these strategies may offer a recovery plan. It is also necessary to implement effective interventions, ensuring that individuals receive help before developing serious symptoms.